• WebSocket: Full duplex over TCP
  • gRPC with bidirectional streaming: Over HTTP/2
  • QUIC: Underlying for HTTP/3, UDP-based, supports multiplexing
  • MQTT: Lightweight pub/sub, ideal for IoT
  • AMQP: Advanced Message Queuing Protocol (e.g. RabbitMQ)
  • RTSP/RTMP: Real-time streaming protocols